Health care systems: models, pros and cons, and smart health card contribution
In this web dossier, we will share the results of a white paper created with several of our customers and the feedback we collected on the impact of smart cards used in their environments.
Socialized medicine and healthcare systems [2017 - study]:
- Overview of insurance systems and models around the world
- Origins of healthcare and health insurance systems
- Pros and cons of universal healthcare
- The three main shared challenges facing organizations when providing health care
- Benefits of smart cards in healthcare
Universal Health Coverage is a target defined in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It is achieved when everybody receives the health care they need without suffering financial hardship.
Types of healthcare systems
The healthcare sector is an essential part of our society due to its resources, roles taken by the state or regional authorities, and many stakeholders that it links, either directly or indirectly.
Indeed, government programs for healthcare, retirement benefits, family allocations, and health insurance are national traditions' legacies.
They have developed according to four different models.
What is universal health care? Discover this video from the World Health Organization.
Benefits of universal health care (the World Health Organization)
Let's discover the four basic models and some mixed schemes.
#1 The Bismarck model
This universal healthcare model was created in Germany by Bismarck, who enacted social legislation between 1881 and 1889.
Therefore, health insurance and access to health care are linked to employment in this system. The model is financed through social contributions rather than taxes.
It relies on health insurance funded through social contributions (by employers and employees), managed by companies and employees' representatives.
The state must decide on the scope of intervention of health insurance funds and take the appropriate measures if a financial imbalance arises.
The German example was used as a blueprint in Austria.
It was also the case in Belgium, France, with the decrees of 1945, Luxemburg, and the Netherlands.
In all countries that have adopted the Bismarck model, protection has been extended to include population categories that were not protected initially (students, independent workers, etc.) and "risks" not taken into account, to begin with.
In France, the CMU now PUMa (Protection Universelle Maladie - universal coverage) has been voted in 1999, implemented in 2000, and modified in 2016. De facto, France, is one of the many countries with universal health care.
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